Daivasura Sampad Vibhaga Yoga
दैवासुरसम्पद्विभागयोग
The sixteenth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is "Daivasura Sampad Vibhaga Yoga". In this chapter, Krishna describes explicitly the two kinds of natures among human beings - divine and demoniac. Those who possess demonaic qualities associate themselves with the modes of passion and ignorance do not follow the regulations of the scriptures and embrace materialistic views. These people attain lower births and further material bondage. But people who possess divine qualities, follow the instructions of the scriptures, associate themselves with the mode of goodness and purify the mind through spiritual practices. This leads to the enhancement of divine qualities and they eventually attain spiritual realization.
About this chapter
Chapter 16, Daivasura Sampad Vibhaga Yoga — "The Yoga of the Division between Divine and Demoniac Natures" — is a moral inventory. Krishna divides human tendencies into two categories: the daivi sampad, qualities leading to liberation, and the asuri sampad, qualities leading to bondage.
The divine qualities include fearlessness, purity of heart, steadfastness in knowledge and yoga, charity, self-control, sacrifice, study of scripture, austerity, uprightness, non-violence, truthfulness, absence of anger, renunciation, tranquillity, absence of malice, compassion for all beings, gentleness, modesty, and freedom from fickleness, vigour, forgiveness, fortitude, cleanliness, absence of hatred, and absence of pride.
The demoniac qualities are their inverse — ostentation, arrogance, self-conceit, harshness, ignorance. Krishna describes the mind of the asuric person with unusual severity. They do not know what to do and what to refrain from; they say the world is without truth, without foundation, without a governor. Filled with insatiable desire, they accumulate wealth by unjust means, telling themselves, "This I have got today; this desire I shall obtain; this is mine and this too shall be mine." Bewildered by many thoughts, entangled in the net of delusion, addicted to the gratification of desire, they fall into hells of their own making.
The remedy the chapter prescribes is the scripture itself. Let scripture be one's authority in deciding what to do and what to avoid; act, having known what is enjoined, and thereby attain the highest goal.
24 Verses
The Lord said, "Fearlessness, purity of mind, devotion to meditation on the knowledge of the self, alms-giving, self-control, worship, study of the Vedas, austerity, and uprightness—
Non-injury, truth, freedom from anger, renunciation, tranquility, non-slandering of others, compassion for all beings, freedom from desire, gentleness, a sense of shame, and freedom from fickleness;
Grandeur, patience, fortitude, purity, freedom from hatred and over-pride—these, O Arjuna, belong to one who is born to a divine destiny.
Pompousness, arrogance, self-conceit, wrath, rudeness, and ignorance—these, O Arjuna, belong to one who is born with a demonic destiny.
The divine destiny is said to lead to liberation, while the demoniac to bondage. Do not grieve, O Arjuna, for you are born with a divine destiny.
There are two types of beings in this world: the divine and the demoniac. The divine have been described at length. Hear from Me, O Arjuna, about the demoniac.
The demoniacal men neither know action nor renunciation. They have no cleanliness, nor right conduct, nor truth.
They maintain: 'The universe is without truth, with no foundation, and without a Lord (Isvara). What else could exist without mutual causation? It has lust as its cause.'
Holding this view, these men of lost souls and feeble understanding do cruel deeds, leading to the destruction of the world.
Turning to insatiable desires, seizing through delusion unjustly acquired wealth, and following impious vows, they act, full of ostentation, pride, and arrogance.
Obsessed by unlimited cares that end with dissolution, looking upon the enjoyment of desires as their highest aim, and convinced that this is all;
Bound by hundreds of fetters of hopes, given over to desire and anger, they strive unjustly to gather wealth for the gratification of their desires.
'This I have gained today, and this desire I shall attain. This wealth is mine, and this will also be mine hereafter.
'I have slain this enemy, and I shall slay others too. I am the Lord, the enjoyer, the successful one, the strong one, and the happy one.'
'I am wealthy and high-born; who else is equal to me? I shall sacrifice, I shall give alms, I shall rejoice.' Thus they think, deluded by ignorance.
Bewildered by numerous thoughts, ensnared in the net of delusion, addicted to sensual pleasures, they fall into a wretched Naraka.
Self-conceited, self-sufficient, intoxicated by wealth and pride, they perform sacrifices in name only, ostentatiously and not according to the injunctions of the scriptures.
Depending on their egoism, power, and pride, as well as their desires and wrath, these malicious men hate Me in their own bodies and in those of others.
Those who are hateful, cruel, the vilest and most inauspicious of mankind, I hurl forever into the cycles of births and deaths, into the wombs of demons.
Fallen into demoniac wombs in birth after birth, these deluded men, not attaining Me, further sink down to the lowest level, O Arjuna.
Desire, wrath, and greed—these are the three gateways to Naraka, ruinous to the self. Therefore, one should abandon these three.
One who has been released from these three gates of darkness, O Arjuna, works for the benefit of the self; thus, they reach the supreme state.
He who, abandoning the injunctions of the Sastras, acts under the influence of desire, attains neither perfection nor pleasure, nor the supreme state.
Therefore, let the Sastra be your authority for determining what should be done and what should not be done. Knowing what is enjoined in the injunctions of the Sastra, you should perform work here.
Popular verses across the Gita
- 2.47
Right to action, not to fruits
The most quoted verse of the Gita — do your duty without attachment to results.
- 2.20
The Self is unborn and eternal
Weapons cannot cut it, fire cannot burn it — the deathless nature of the Atman.
- 2.62
From craving to ruin
The chain from contemplation of objects to attachment, desire, anger, and downfall.
- 3.35
Better one's own dharma
One's own duty imperfectly done is better than another's done well.
- 4.7
Whenever dharma decays
Krishna's classical declaration of avatara — 'in age after age I take birth.'
- 4.8
To protect the good
The purpose of divine incarnation — to save the righteous and re-establish dharma.
- 6.5
Lift yourself by yourself
The Self is one's own friend and one's own enemy — the practice of self-elevation.
- 9.22
Yoga-kshema — I carry what you need
For those who worship with undivided devotion, Krishna secures what they have and what they lack.